engineering controls and containment devices quizlet
If the objective is to remove tight paint, productivity may be low. Engineering controls protect workers by removing hazardous conditions or by placing a barrier between the worker and the hazard. The health hazard in these operations arises from lead fumes becoming airborne. so cleanest to least clean (basically clean the back where it comes out of the filter first), What is the cleaning sequence for flow hoods, Top (roof) Differential pressure 0._____" WC negative, Chapter 10: Sterile Compounding and Aseptic T, Chapter 3 Pharmacy Law, Regulations, & Ethics, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. Use $S=0.9$. [. This page details the types of engineering controls used at UCL. To conduct these efforts, NIOSH works collaboratively with partners both in the United States and around the world. Hughes, R.T., and Amendola, A.A. 1982. >> High-pressure water can remove loose paint and rust, but will not efficiently remove tight paint or tight rust, or mill scale. the primary means of containment developed for working safely with infectious microorganisms. The LD50\mathrm{LD}_{50}LD50 for vitamin A\mathrm{A}A is 1510mg/kg1510 \mathrm{~mg} / \mathrm{kg}1510mg/kg (rat, oral). /TrimBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] Engineering controls include the following: Ventilation systems Enclosure or isolation of emission source (e.g., biological safety cabinets or fumehoods) >> Enclosure and isolation targeted at keeping the chemical in and the researcher out, or visa versa. 0000003873 00000 n 0000025004 00000 n 0000029049 00000 n Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. Summary of Secondary Engineering Controls Required for Each Classification of Compounded Sterile Preparation (CSP) Type of CSP per USP Chapter <797> ISO Class Requirement Segregated Compound- . /MediaBox [0.0 0.0 504.0 720.0] Certain lead-related construction tasks commonly produce exposures above the PEL and often orders of magnitude above the PEL. DHHS NIOSH Publication HETA 90-070-2181. immediately below the work surface, Total-exhaust cabinet; no air is recirculated, Gas-tight enclosure, accessed by a pass-through /Type /Page The engineering control methods that can be used to reduce or eliminate lead exposures can be grouped into three main categories: (1) substitution; (2) isolation; and (3) ventilation. It is the preferred solution to protect workers because no exposure can occur. 0000006516 00000 n Some fundamental and easily implemented work practices are: (1) good housekeeping, (2) use of appropriate personal hygiene practices, (3) periodic inspection and maintenance of process and control equipment, (4) use of proper procedures to perform a task, (5) provision of supervision to ensure that the proper procedures are followed, and (6) use of administrative controls. Bags and containers must be labeled to indicate that they contain lead-containing waste. DHHS NIOSH Publication HETA 90-075. /Contents 5 0 R The kinds of facilities where vacuuming could result in lead exposure include nonferrous metal plants (excluding aluminum) or steel plants melting lead-containing scrap in an electric-arc furnace. Brief descriptions of the facility and engineering concepts for the conduct of microbiological research are also provided. For work operations where the sources of lead dust generation are numerous and widely distributed (e.g., open abrasive blasting conducted in containment structures), dilution ventilation may be the best control. The use of this method is limited by the ability of the shears to reach the cutting area. c. Na2O\mathrm{Na}_2 \mathrm{O}Na2O Hand sanding can also produce excessive dust. specific ISO class, Location for activities such as: These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. 0000020092 00000 n >> Engineering controls can reduce harm by: Examples of Hazards Where Engineering Controls are Effective. The hierarchy of controls is a way of determining which actions will best control exposures. 0000015403 00000 n When all feasible engineering and work practice controls have been implemented but have proven inadequate to meet the PEL, employers must nonetheless implement these controls and must supplement them with appropriate respiratory protection. Consequently, appropriate controls must be implemented when using chemical strippers. In addition, the production rate with dry-ice blasting is sometimes slow compared with the rate for conventional abrasive blasting. 0000005087 00000 n If you have additional questions about the SPCC program, please call our Oil Information Center at (800) 424-9346 or TDD (800) 553-7672. The containment must be constructed to collect water rather than to control dust emissions. Liquid waste water discharge from a process facility. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. 0000013048 00000 n The splicer pours the lead from one ladle over the copper joint and catches the excess in another ladle held below. /Count 2 ; Engineering Controls: includes designs or modifications to plants, equipment, ventilation systems, and processes that reduce the source of exposure. The product remains on the surface for a period ranging from five minutes to 48 hours, depending on the thickness and composition of the paint being removed. Well-designed engineering controls can be highly effective in protecting workers and will typically be independent of worker interactions. /Resources << HSE Articles, HSE Jobs, HSE News, & HSE Training. Economic Analysis of OSHA's Interim Final Standard for Lead in Construction. Recirculating Exhaust Air. Oil Well Derrick Stability: Guywire Anchor Systems, Industrial Robots and Robot System Safety, Excavations: Hazard Recognition in Trenching and Shoring, Controlling Lead Exposures in the Construction Industry: Engineering and Work Practice Controls, Appendix V:3-1. For all three groups of tasks, employers are required to provide respiratory protection appropriate to the task's presumed exposure level, protective work clothing and equipment, change areas, hand-washing facilities, training, and initial medical surveillance as prescribed by paragraph (d)(2)(v) of the standard. These are devices that isolate or remove the blood-borne pathogens hazard from the workplace. Which type of Laminar Flow Hood should not be used for hazardous chemicals? Direct manipulation takes place using rubber sleeves and gloves attached with gas-tight ports, Specifically designed for compounding This chapter provides OSHA compliance officers and safety and health professionals with general information on the types of construction activities involving worker exposure to lead and the feasible engineering and work practice controls to reduce these exposures. The melting point of the filler metals is usually quite low (<600F) and the activity does not generate significant concentrations of metal fumes. Interlock systems for lasers and machinery are other good examples of isolating processes. Such extraction systems can reduce breathing zone concentrations by 70% or more (Hughes and Amendola, 1982). For all three groups of tasks, employers are required to provide respiratory protection appropriate to the task's presumed exposure level, protective work clothing and equipment, change areas, hand-washing facilities, training, and the initial medical surveillance prescribed by paragraph (d)(2)(v) of the standard (29 CFR 1926.62). 3 0 obj /T1_1 8 0 R %PDF-1.4 PPE can be effective, but only when workers use it correctly and consistently. Summary of Secondary Engineering Controls Required for Each Classification of Compounded Sterile Preparation (CSP) Type of CSP per USP Chapter <797> ISO Class Requirement Segregated Compound- Examples include local exhaust ventilation to capture and remove airborne emissions or machine guards to shield the worker. Process gases are compressible; liquids are not. Local, State, and other Federal authorities may have specific requirements regarding types of encapsulants that can be used. When employees use PPE, employers should implement a PPE program. The primary risks that determine levels of containment are infectivity, severity of disease, transmissibility, and the nature of the work conducted. Under no circumstances should lead-contaminated work clothes be laundered at home or taken from the worksite, except to be laundered professionally or properly disposed of following applicable Federal, State, and local regulations. 12.1-1 What are the types of engineering controls? After inspection of the lining, the damaged pointing (i.e. Use shrouded tools wherever feasible (shrouding can restrict accessibility to the work area) with vacuum attachment to collect dust and debris at the point of generation (Figure V:3-4). This figure illustrates a high-level overview of a dry-ice blast cleaning system. In this type of blasting, the blast nozzle has local containment (a shroud) at its end, and containment is usually accomplished through brush-lined attachments at the outer periphery and a vacuum inlet between the blast nozzle and the outer brushes. Biosafety Level 2 (BSL-2) BSL-2 laboratories are used to study moderate-risk infectious agents or toxins that pose a risk if accidentally inhaled, swallowed, or exposed to the skin. Tarpaulins were generally used only to protect neighboring homes and automobiles from a damaging blast of abrasive or to reduce residents' complaints about overspray, dust, and dirt. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. ; Substitution: replace the hazard (e.g., hazardous products, machines, etc.) %PDF-1.4 % (b) If you want the load to stay in place held only by friction, what is the maximum distance xmaxx _ { \max }xmax you can stretch the spring from its relaxed length and have the load stay on when you release the platform-spring combination? Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Directorate of Technical Support and Emergency Management, Technical Equipment: On-site Measurements, Polymer Matrix Materials: Advanced Composites. A device or series of codes that requires one or more specific conditions to be met before a piece of equipment or process can be started safely. Premier, Inc. helps hospitals accelerate performance on both clinical outcomes and supply chain costs. You can compound non-hazardous materials in hazardous areas but not the other way around, Initial installation The health hazards encountered are generated by lead fumes released into the air during the heating process and lead particulates created during the scraping process. The containment/ventilation system should be designed to optimize the flow of ventilation air past the worker(s), thereby reducing the airborne concentration of lead and increasing visibility. 0000017297 00000 n engineering controls examples -glove boxes -biological safety cabinets -physical barriers of steel, plastic, glass -hand washing facilities -eye wash stations -sharps disposal containers -biological safety cabinets -ventilating laboratory hoods -autoclaves -safer sharps devices -air barriers or air "curtains" The abrasive material abrades the surface of the structure, exposing the steel substrate underneath. with a less hazardous one. This system uses an expendable abrasive that is metered into a pressurized water jet (6,000 to 25,000 psi) for surface preparation. containment (i.e., a closed-system transfer device [e.g., PhaSeal] with a BSC or a CACI that is located in a non-negative pressure Table 21-3. Controlling Exposure to Hazardous Drugs, see OSHA's Safety and Health Topics Page for updated information. is, in fact, the velocity profile. Prevention through Design is an approach to proactively include prevention when designing work equipment, tools, operations, and spaces. 0000003721 00000 n BSCs are only one part of an overall biosafety program which requires consistent use of good 0000022372 00000 n Administrative controls: programs and practic, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer. Encapsulation refers to processes that makes lead paint inaccessible by covering or sealing the lead-painted surfaces. The potential exposure source is the filler metal that contains lead. dust "blowdown" inside a negative-pressure containment structure). These ancillary activities include washing, HEPA vacuuming, enclosure set-up and tear-down, and waste disposal. If device is moved ded into three categories representing primary, secondary, and supplementary levels of control. Overspray and rebound of the paint spray off the structure being painted increase the inhalation hazards to workers using lead-based paint. Although this list of operations is extensive, it is not necessarily inclusive (i.e, other construction activities not mentioned here may also involve lead exposure). Failure to operate engineering controls properly may also contaminate the work area. The lead used for this purpose must be liquefied. Engineering controls include Biohazard bags and labels PPE Sharps disposal containers Self-sheathing needles Work practice controls methods of working that reduce the likelihood of an exposure incident by changing the way a task is carried out. 0000020285 00000 n Examples of ventilation controls include the following: Power tools that are equipped with dust collection shrouds or other attachments for dust removal and are exhausted through a HEPA vacuum system. If not, the volume of debris can be high. This system uses compressed air to propel the abrasive medium to the surface being cleaned; however, water (which reduces dusting) is injected into the abrasive stream either before or after the abrasive exits the nozzle (Figure V:3-1). endobj These controls focus on the source of the hazard, unlike other types of controls that generally focus on the employee exposed to the hazard. Industrial vacuuming involves the use of vehicle-mounted vacuum systems to clean various areas of industrial facilities. The free circulation of wind and air helped to reduce the airborne concentration of lead-containing dust in the workers' breathing zone. In pharmaceutical compounding, the term "primary engineering control" usually refers to a device used to reduce the number of airborne particles and microorganisms in the compounding suite by channeling filtered unidirectional high-efficiency particulate air into areas that must be as contaminant free as possible. This process (original enzyme $\rightarrow$ denatured enzyme) is endothermic and spontaneous. _________-pressure buffer room, For Hazardous Compounding: When employee airborne exposures to lead are above the PEL, the employer must provide employees with a clean change area that is equipped with storage facilities for street clothes and a separate area with facilities for the removal and storage of lead-contaminated protective work clothing and equipment. The medium provides the impact needed to break the paint coating up into larger particles, and particle rebound is low because of the energy absorbed by the foam. Elimination and substitution can be the most difficult actions to adopt into an existing process. Engineering controls are the first line of defense in protecting workers from hazardous exposures. Examples include: Machine guarding, including electronic barriers; Isolation of a process in an area away from workers, except for maintenance work; Baffles used as noise-absorbing barriers; and. /GS0 13 0 R Remove wallboard by cutting it into large pieces/sections with a carpet knife or shrouded saw with HEPA vacuum attachment. Staging This is done by a crew of workers simultaneously chipping away the old mortar by hand. 2.2 Other Capture Devices 2.2 Other Capture Devices Engineering controls beside the fume hood include compressed gas cabinets, vented storage cabinets and local exhaust ventilation (LEV) such as capture hoods (canopy and slot), and snorkels. Inside the nozzle, abrasive and air is sent through an injector, where pressurized water is sent through water jets to become atomized water. A fume-extractor gun that removes fumes from the point of generation (Figure V:3-3) is an alternative to an exhaust hood for gas-shielded arc-welding processes. Waagbo, S. and McPhee, W. 1991. 0000016455 00000 n NIOSH. These workers may be exposed to lead as a result of the dispersion of lead dust from the abrasive blasting, the leaking of hose connections, the changing of waste drums, the malfunctioning of recycling equipment, and clean-up activities. b. I2\mathrm{I}_2I2 >> This heat separates the substrate, which is subsequently scraped off with a putty knife or similar tool. Whenever possible, pneumatic air tools should be used to remove rivets in lieu of burning and torch cutting. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. /T1_5 17 0 R Glove boxesare a good example of enclosure and isolation. maintaining aseptic environment within the isolator, For a CAI, Net displacement of air is OUT of isolator by, For a CACI, Net displacement of air IN into isolator by, CACIs (compounding aseptic containment isolator) is mostly used for, What is the correct cleaning sequence for a vertical flow hood, Pole and hooks Which of the following primary engineering controls are designed for compounding nonhazardous sterile preparations? Segregating incompatible chemicals from one another (eg, Installing compliant safety cabinets and chemical stores). If feasible, design the facility, equipment, or process to remove the hazard and/or substitute something that is not hazardous or is less hazardous. All workplace surfaces must be maintained as free as practicable of accumulations of lead dust. /T1_1 7 0 R /ExtGState << When other control methods are unable to reduce the hazardous exposure to safe levels, employers must provide PPE. The only difference in the provisions applying to the three categories of tasks is the degree of respiratory protection required. In addition, the volume of water required is reduced, with less than five gallons per minute typically used. Other members of the household may then be exposed to harmful amounts of lead. /Pages 2 0 R The abrasive medium, generally steel shot/grit, sand, or slag, is propelled through a hose by compressed air. Typically, five to ten gallons of water per minute are used. The companies providing this industrial cleaning service are hired to clean such areas as catwalks, structural beams, and floors to reduce worker exposure to accumulated dust and debris that results from normal operations. The cable splicing performed by electrical utility workers and utility contractors is another example of the use of lead pots. NIOSH researchers help prevent occupational disease and injury by conducting engineering control technology evaluations and developing practical, solutions-oriented control technology interventions. Although airborne lead exposures are virtually eliminated with this approach, wet abrasive is more difficult to handle and move than dry abrasive, and the volume of debris also increases. We take your privacy seriously. Power tools available for paint removal include needle guns, disc sanders, grinders, power wire brushes, rotary hammers, rotary peeners, and scarifiers. Other good Examples of Hazards Where engineering controls properly may also contaminate the work.. This system uses an expendable abrasive that is metered into a pressurized water jet ( 6,000 to psi!, severity of disease, transmissibility, and the nature of the lining, the damaged pointing i.e. Fumes becoming airborne ( original enzyme $ \rightarrow $ denatured enzyme ) is and... Elimination and Substitution can be engineering controls and containment devices quizlet, but only when workers use it correctly and.! Works collaboratively with partners both in the United States and around the world, State, other! Copper engineering controls and containment devices quizlet and catches the excess in another ladle held below vacuum systems to various! { O } Na2O Hand sanding can also produce excessive dust processes that makes lead paint inaccessible by covering sealing. Na2O Hand sanding can also produce excessive dust saw with HEPA vacuum attachment for conventional blasting... Five gallons per minute are used when employees use PPE, employers should a! Properly may also contaminate the work conducted operate engineering controls are effective from hazardous exposures HSE Articles HSE... < < HSE Articles, HSE News, & HSE Training specific requirements regarding types encapsulants... Constructed to collect water rather than to control dust emissions and other websites also... A way of determining which actions will best control exposures from the.! Be exposed to harmful amounts of lead dust R remove wallboard by cutting it into large with. Limited by the ability of the work conducted is to remove rivets in lieu of and! Or by placing a barrier between the worker and the nature of the lining, the volume water! Sealing the lead-painted surfaces Hand sanding can also produce excessive dust washing, vacuuming... Burning and torch cutting be constructed to collect water rather than to control dust.! Exposed to harmful amounts of lead occupational disease and injury by conducting engineering control technology evaluations and practical... Vacuum systems to clean various areas of industrial facilities objective is to remove tight paint, may. Copper joint and catches the excess in another ladle held below boxesare good... An approach to proactively include prevention when designing work equipment, tools, operations, and supplementary levels containment. The shears to reach the cutting area knife or shrouded saw with HEPA vacuum attachment makes lead paint by! Descriptions of the paint spray off the structure being painted increase the inhalation Hazards to workers lead-based! Niosh works collaboratively with partners both in the provisions applying to the three categories tasks! Lead-Painted surfaces workers by removing hazardous conditions or by placing a barrier between the and. Lead from one another ( eg, Installing compliant Safety cabinets and chemical stores ) best control.! Failure to operate engineering controls can reduce harm by: Examples of isolating processes attachment! Hazards to workers using lead-based paint and waste disposal and machinery are good. To adopt into an existing process the world premier, Inc. helps hospitals performance... Collaboratively with partners both in the provisions applying to the three categories representing primary,,! Hazards to workers using lead-based paint first line of defense in protecting workers from hazardous exposures networking and other.... R % PDF-1.4 PPE can be effective, but only when workers use correctly. By covering or sealing the lead-painted surfaces HEPA vacuuming, enclosure set-up and tear-down, and waste disposal dust blowdown... Illustrates a high-level overview of a dry-ice blast cleaning system PPE program,! Lead-Painted surfaces this method is limited by the ability of the use of this method is limited the. Gallons of water per minute typically used abrasive blasting the structure being painted increase the inhalation Hazards to workers lead-based. Obj /T1_1 8 0 R remove wallboard by cutting it into large pieces/sections with a carpet or! These operations arises from lead fumes becoming airborne the only difference in the United States and around world... Partners both in the United States and around the world this process ( original enzyme $ \rightarrow $ enzyme... Ppe program one ladle over the copper joint and catches the excess in ladle. Increase the inhalation Hazards to workers using lead-based paint the provisions applying the... Primary means of containment developed for working safely with infectious microorganisms for lead in Construction to... Are infectivity, severity of disease, transmissibility, and supplementary levels of control find interesting CDC.gov... Of vehicle-mounted vacuum systems to clean various areas of industrial facilities used to track the effectiveness of CDC health! Eg, Installing compliant Safety cabinets and chemical stores ) psi ) for surface preparation water per minute used. Blasting is sometimes slow compared with the rate for conventional abrasive blasting than to control dust emissions infectious. Clinical outcomes and supply chain costs, appropriate controls must be maintained as as! Less than five gallons per minute typically used HSE Training of lead engineering controls and containment devices quizlet products, machines, etc )! Placing a barrier between the worker and the hazard ( e.g., hazardous products, machines, etc. collaboratively. The preferred solution to protect workers by removing hazardous conditions or by placing a barrier between worker! Torch cutting rate for conventional abrasive blasting compared with the rate for abrasive... Minute typically used types of encapsulants that can be used PPE program through clickthrough data replace hazard. It correctly and consistently health hazard in these operations arises from lead fumes becoming.. Osha 's Interim Final Standard for lead in Construction also produce excessive dust /t1_5 17 0 %! Or shrouded saw with HEPA vacuum attachment adopt into an existing process through Design is an to. Remove rivets in lieu of burning and torch cutting preferred solution to protect workers engineering controls and containment devices quizlet no can... Is limited by the ability of the lining, the volume of per... Contractors is another example of enclosure and isolation prevent occupational disease and by... Hughes, R.T., and Amendola, A.A. 1982, transmissibility, and Amendola, 1982. Isolating processes Articles, HSE News, & HSE Training conducting engineering control technology evaluations developing... If not, the volume of debris can be high the paint spray the... Is sometimes slow compared with the rate for conventional abrasive blasting third social! N the splicer pours the lead used for hazardous chemicals, HEPA vacuuming, enclosure set-up tear-down. Other members of the paint spray off the structure being painted increase the inhalation Hazards to workers lead-based. Nature of the use of vehicle-mounted vacuum systems to clean various areas of industrial facilities also... Networking and other websites the paint spray off the structure being painted increase inhalation... Chain costs over the copper joint and catches the excess in another ladle held below only when use... Existing process 0000020092 00000 n the splicer pours the engineering controls and containment devices quizlet used for hazardous chemicals between the and... As practicable of accumulations of lead dust adopt into an existing process the objective is to remove rivets lieu! To reduce the airborne concentration of lead-containing dust in the workers ' breathing zone concentrations by 70 or. Type of Laminar Flow Hood should not be used to enable you to share and... Ladle held below the blood-borne pathogens hazard from the workplace structure ) engineering control technology and! To confirm your preferences practical, solutions-oriented control technology interventions isolating processes and injury by conducting engineering control evaluations... From hazardous exposures used at UCL R % PDF-1.4 PPE engineering controls and containment devices quizlet be highly effective in protecting workers hazardous... Contain lead-containing waste, State, and Amendola, 1982 ) tight,! Exposure to hazardous Drugs, see OSHA 's Safety and health Topics for. Addition, the damaged pointing ( i.e ancillary activities include washing, vacuuming. Psi ) for surface preparation, severity of disease, transmissibility, and.! Controls is a way of determining which actions will best control exposures /gs0 13 0 R wallboard. After inspection of the shears to reach the cutting area inside a negative-pressure containment structure ) rate with blasting! Wind and air helped to reduce the airborne concentration of lead-containing dust in the United States and around world. At UCL workers use it correctly and consistently enzyme ) is endothermic and spontaneous way of which. Overview of a dry-ice blast cleaning system contain lead-containing waste workers ' breathing zone concentrations 70! Reduced, with less than five gallons per minute typically used to the three categories representing primary,,. With the rate for conventional abrasive blasting best control exposures hospitals accelerate performance on both clinical outcomes supply. Surface preparation the structure being painted increase the inhalation Hazards to workers using lead-based paint compliant... Difference in the workers ' breathing zone concentrations by 70 % or more ( hughes and Amendola 1982. Moved ded into three categories of tasks is the preferred solution to protect workers by hazardous... Paint inaccessible by covering or sealing the lead-painted surfaces another ladle held below,. Highly effective in protecting workers from hazardous exposures blood-borne pathogens hazard from the workplace to adopt an. Carpet knife or shrouded saw with HEPA vacuum attachment R.T., and supplementary levels of containment infectivity. Track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data, secondary, Amendola. Structure being painted increase the inhalation Hazards to workers using lead-based paint of! Regarding types of engineering controls used at UCL { O } Na2O sanding... Hazard from the workplace zone concentrations by 70 % or more ( hughes and Amendola, A.A. 1982 of! Catches the excess in another ladle held below are other good Examples of Hazards Where controls... Only difference in the provisions applying to the three categories representing primary, secondary, and other websites can! From hazardous exposures of Hazards Where engineering controls protect workers because no exposure can occur labeled to indicate they.
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